The book presents a comprehensive and original analysis from a Brazilian perspective of both traditional and emerging topics related to the so-called “El Dorados of the 21st century”: Amazonia and Antarctica. By gathering distinguished scholars, the resulting set of high-level findings, stemming from multiple epistemological standpoints, provides important and innovative insights into the wide-ranging geopolitical impacts of issues concerning these unique strategic ecosystems to the contemporary international environment. The result is a sophisticated response to the following questions: what were, are, and will be the contributions of Brazilian geopolitical thinking on these two themes? Additionally , from this intellectual exercise, how do we interpret the role of Antarctica and Amazonia in shaping the current asymmetrical transnational architecture of power?