Introduction
A Crisis is an Opportunity
Seven Fundamental Questions
All Policing is Local
A Pathway to Community-based Policing Reform
Chapter One: How to Reform Policing in Divided Societies
Race in Policing
Why Northern Ireland?
‘Community Policing’ Belfast Style in the Mid-1990’s
The Independent Commission on Policing in Northern Ireland
Commission on the Future of Policing in Ireland
How to Reform Policing
Chapter Two: Four Decades of Policing in the United States
‘Crime Fighters’ – Us versus Them
1990’s Massachusetts – Steps in the Right Direction
Multi-agency Initiatives
More to be Done
Chapter Three: How to Define Policing
Crime and the Community
‘Community Policing’
Policing as Community Safety
Policing as a Service
Policing and Human Rights
Chapter Four: How to Recruit Police
Girls Don’t Become Cops
How to Recruit Diversity
Why Join the Police?
The Workforce Crisis in Policing
Smarter Recruiting
Recruitment and Retention
Chapter Five: How to Train and Educate Police
The Academy Then
Academies Now
Beyond the Academy: Training in the Community
Recruit Probation
In-Service Training
Use of Force and De-escalation Training
Less Lethal Force
The Importance of Respect
Integrated Scenario Training
Continuing Professional Development
Chapter Six: How to Organize a Policing Service
The Primacy of Patrol
Small Police Departments
Disband? Compton and Camdem
Merging Police Departments
Hierarchies and Delegation
Integrating Sworn and Non-sworn Police Personnel
Chapter Seven: How to Achieve Multi-Agency Cooperation
The Criminal Justice System
Social Services
Multi-Agency Information Sharing: A Boston Example
Chapter Eight: How to Police the Police
Consent and Accountability
Democratic Accountability
Transparency
Performance, Discipline, and Complaints
A Tripartite Model of External Oversight
Chapter Nine: How to Lead a Policing Service
Who Should be Chief?
The Command Team?
A Police Board?
Openness to Advice
Chapter Ten: Time to Act