Preface
Dilemma or Dream? The Quagmire of Race in America
A Note on Language
Organization of the Book
Pedagogical Features of Race in Society
New to the Second Edition
Chapter-by-Chapter Changes
Instructor and Student Resources
Acknowledgments
About the Author
PART I THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF RACE
CHAPTER 1 Race: A Thoroughly Social Idea
A Simple Experiment: Changing Your Race
The One-Drop Rule
The Myth of Biological Race
Race: A Modern Idea
Who Counts? Racial Classification Systems
Defining Race and Ethnicity: Intersecting Ideas
The Many Meanings of Race
Race Is a Process, Not a Thing: Racial Formation
Conclusion
CHAPTER 2 What Do You Think? Prejudice, Racism, and Color Blindness
The Social Dynamics of Prejudice
Defining Prejudice
Studying Prejudice: Its Origins
The Correlates and Consequences of Prejudice
The Harm of Stereotypes
Implicit Bias
The Prejudice-Discrimination Link
Polling for Prejudice: Have Attitudes Changed?
Racism and Its Many Forms
Racism and Power
Laissez-Faire Racism
“Gee, I Never Think of You as . . .”: Color-Blind Racism
Conclusion
CHAPTER 3 Representing Race: Popular Culture and the Media
The Power of Culture: Cultural Racism, Stereotypes, and Controlling Images
Surrounded by Stereotypes
Objectifying “Others” through Controlling Images
Echoes of the Past
Who Sees What?
Television
Film
Video Games
News
The Internet
Race and Representation
Race and Criminalization
Sexualizing Women of Color
Making People Other: The Alien Narrative
Isn’t All in Good Fun?
Markets, Makers, and Money: The Media Constructs Race
Race, Resistance, and Alternative Visions
Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 Who Do You Think You Are? Racial Identities and Relationships
Who Am I? Racial Identities in a Racialized Society
Individuals in Society: The Formation of Identity
Racial Identity: A Sense of Belonging
Borders and Binaries: The Complexities of Multiracial Identity
Navigating Racial and Ethnic Borders
Out of Many, One: Panethnic Identities
Who’s White, and Why Does It Matter? Whiteness and White Privilege
White Privilege and the Invisible Backpack
White Fragility: A Response to Racism
The Consequences of Color: Colorism
It’s the Little Things that Count: Racial Microaggressions
Who Do You Know? Interracial Relationships
Conclusion
PART II UNDERSTANDING RACIAL STRATIFICATION
CHAPTER 5 Diverse Histories/Common Threads: Race and Ethnicity Build a Nation
Land of the Free, Home of Native Americans
The Peculiar Institution: Slavery and Its Aftermath
Annexing the Southwest: The Mexican American Experience
Opening the Nation’s Doors—and Slamming Them Closed
Chinese Americans
Japanese Americans
Waves of Whiteness: European Immigration
Immigration Now: Changing the Face of the Nation
Conclusion
CHAPTER 6 Explaining Racial Stratification: Framing the Discussion
A Structural Perspective on Racial Inequality
Systemic Racism
The Distribution of Resources
The Past Shapes the Present
Accumulating Advantage and Disadvantage
State Policies Make a Difference
Racism at Every Level
Blaming the Victim
Intersecting Inequalities: Race, Class, and Gender
We Made It . . . Why Can’t They? Assimilation and the American Dream
The Race-Class Connection
What about Culture? The Culture-Structure Debate
Global Racial Inequality: Colonialism and Postcolonial Theory
Conclusion
PART III RACE AND SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
CHAPTER 7 Economic Inequality: Work, Class, and Poverty
Income, Wealth, and Race
Income Inequality
Race, Wealth, and Debt
Growing Inequality and Economic Restructuring: Toxic for People of Color Race and the Workplace
Occupational Segregation
Unemployment and Joblessness
The Immigrant Labor Force
Explaining Racial Economic Inequality
Overt Discrimination
Human Capital
A Split Labor Market
Poverty: America’s Basement
Measuring Poverty
Who Are the Poor?
Why Does Poverty Occur?
The Safety Net . . . Full of Holes
Conclusion
CHAPTER 8 Bringing It Home: Families and Communities
What Do Families Look Like? Diverse Family Forms
Ties that Bind, Bonds that Break: Marriage and Divorce
How Children Live
Multigenerational Households and Grandparents
Race and Same-Sex Couples
Mythologizing Families: Racial Beliefs about Families
Families in the Making: Diverse Histories of Family Formation
Structuring Families: Structural Diversity Theory
Caring across the Life Course
Racially Controlling Images of Motherhood
The Myth of the Absent Black Father
Eldercare
Changing Trends for Racial-Ethnic Families
Loving across Racial Lines: Interracial Dating and Marriage
Families and Immigration
Families and Social Policy
Conclusion
CHAPTER 9 Race and Place: Residential and Educational Segregation
Living in Separated Spaces: Housing and Residential Segregation
Chocolate Cities, Vanilla Suburbs? Changing Patterns of Residential
Segregation
How Does Segregation Happen?
The Consequences of Residential Segregation
Learning in Unequal Places: Schooling in a Racially Unequal Society
Segregation and Resegregation: The Aftermath of Brown
Our Resegregated Schools
Race and the Achievement Gap
Race and Educational Outcomes
Explaining the Achievement Gap
Succeeding against the Odds: Race and School Success
Conclusion
CHAPTER 10 It Gets to You: Health Care and the Environment
It Makes You Sick: Race and Health Disparities
Race: A Matter of Life and Death
Feeling the Burden: Stress and Hypertension
Race and Risk: Alcohol and Substance Abuse
Race Weighs In: Obesity and Eating Disorders
Immigrant Health
Why Do Racial Health Disparities Persist?
The Race-Class Connection
Racial Segregation and Its Connection to Health
Institutional Racism and the Health Care System
We’ve Got You Covered: Health Insurance
Health Care Workers
Care and Cultural Competence
Up Close and Personal: Race and Reproductive Politics
Eugenics
Reproductive Control and Forced Sterilization
Race Beliefs and Contemporary Reproductive Politics
Racism in the Air We Breathe: Environmental Racism
Siting Waste
Intent or Innocence?
The Environmental Justice Movement
Climate Change: Are We All in It Together?
Conclusion
CHAPTER 11 Justice and Injustice: Race, Crime, and the Criminal Justice System
Race and Crime: Myths and Realities
Counting Crime: The Social Construction of Racial Categories
Race, Violence, and Victimization
Hate Crime
Immigration and Crime: Rhetoric and Fact
Criminal Injustice: Race and the Administration of Justice
Policing and Social Control
Getting Tough on Crime: Racial Disparities in Sentencing
Mass Incarceration
The Spillover Effect: Social Consequences of Mass Incarceration
Death Row and Wrongful Conviction
Explaining the Race-Crime Connection
Conclusion
PART IV Race and Social Change
CHAPTER 12 The Long Search for Racial Justice: Learning from the Past and Moving Forward
The Early Road to Civil Rights
The Civil Rights Movement
A Movement Unfolds
The Montgomery Bus Boycott
Confronting Evil: Nonviolent Civil Disobedience
Achievements of the Civil Rights Movement
Power to the People: The Movement’s Radical Turn
Striking Back: Black Power and Black Pride
The Black Panther Party
The Many Faces of Racial Liberation
Contemporary Movements for Racial Justice
Black Lives Matter
Organizing for Change
Color-Blind or Color-Conscious? Frameworks for Change
Civil Rights and the Law
Affirmative Action
Antipoverty Programs
The Diversity Agenda
The New Multicultural/Multiracial Society: Where Are We Going?
Conclusion
Glossary
References
Author Index
Subject Index