Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Pages: 656
•
Trim: 7⅜ x 10½
978-1-5381-0385-2 • Hardback • February 2019 • $170.00 • (£131.00)
978-1-5381-0386-9 • Paperback • February 2019 • $84.00 • (£65.00)
978-1-5381-0387-6 • eBook • February 2019 • $79.50 • (£61.00)
Bruce A. Elleman is William V. Pratt Professor of International History, U.S. Naval War College. He is the author of many books, including Diplomacy and Deception: The Secret History of Sino-Soviet Diplomatic Relations, 1917–1927; Modern Chinese Warfare, 1795–1989; Wilson and China: A Revised History of the Shandong Question; Moscow and the Emergence of Communist Power in China, 1925–30: The Nanchang Uprising and the Birth of the Red Army; High Sea’s Buffer: The Taiwan Patrol Force, 1950–1979; Taiwan Straits: Crisis in Asia and the Role of the U.S. Navy; International Competition in China, 1899–1991: The Rise, Fall, and Restoration of the Open Door Policy; and China’s Naval Operations in the South China Sea: Evaluating Legal, Strategic and Military Factors.
S. C. M. Paine is William S. Sims Professor of History and Grand Strategy in the Strategy and Policy Department, U.S. Naval War College. She is the author of Imperial Rivals: China, Russia and TheirDisputed Frontiers, winner of the Jelavich Book Prize; The Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895: Perceptions, Power and Primacy; The Wars for Asia, 1911-1949, winner of the Leopold Prize + PROSE Award for European & World History; and The Japanese Empire: Grand Strategy from the Meiji Restoration to the Pacific War.
List of Maps
List of Features
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of Photographs
Preface
Acknowledgments
Technical Note
Introduction: A Cultural Framework for Understanding China
Top-Down Characteristics: Confucianism, Militarism, Legalism, and Sinification
Radial Characteristics: Sinocentrism, Barbarian Management, and the Provincial System
Bottom-Up Characteristics: Daoism, Buddhism, and Poetry
Cyclical Elements: Yin and Yang, the Dynastic Cycle, and Historical Continuity
Retrospective Elements: Fate and the Sources of Knowledge
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
PART I: THE CREATION AND MATURATION OF AN EMPIRE, 1644–1842
1 The Creation of the Qing Dynasty
The Ming Dynasty
The Qing Conquest of Ming China: Nurgaci and His Successors
Grafting the Manchus onto Han China under the Shunzhi Emperor
Territorial Consolidation under the Kangxi Emperor
Institutional Consolidation under the Yongzheng Emperor
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
2 The Maximization of Empire under the Qianlong Emperor
The Conquest of the Zunghar Mongols
The Conquest of the Tarim Basin and Tibet
Qing Imperial Administration: The Tributary System
Domestic Administration: Central and Local Government
The Economy of an Empire: Agriculture, Commerce, and Taxation
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
3 Chinese Society at the Zenith of the Qing Dynasty
Manchu and Han Society
The Four Social Groups: Scholars, Peasants, Artisans, and Merchants
The Legal System
Confucianism as an Ideology
Shamanism, Confucianism, and Buddhism as Instruments of Manchu Rule
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
4 The Foundations of Knowledge
Fidelity to the Past
The Confucian Classics
Thinking by Historical Analogy
Understanding the Natural World
The Examination System
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
5 The Arrival of the West
Early Explorers
The Maritime Advance: Portugal, Spain, Holland, and England
The Continental Advance: Russia
The Legal and Religious Sources of Cultural Conflict
The Technological Revolution
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
6 Systemic Crisis and Dynastic Decline
Government Corruption and Manchu Decadence
Population Growth, Ethnic Tensions, and the Miao Revolt
The White Lotus Rebellion and the Eight Trigrams Revolt
Imperial Overextension
Qing Attempts to Restore Governmental Efficacy
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
7 Expanding Commercial Relations with the West
The Tea Trade and the Silver Inflow
The Opium Trade and the Silver Outflow
The British Rejection of Sinification
Chinese Strategy and the First Opium War
The Treaty of Nanjing: Treaty Ports, Tariffs, and North-South Tensions
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
PART II: DYNASTIC DECLINE AND COLLAPSE, 1842–1911
8 Civil War and Foreign Intervention
North-South Tensions and the Origins of the Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping Movement
The Taiping Capital in Nanjing
The Arrow War
Manchu-Western Cooperation to Destroy the Taipings
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
9 Quelling Domestic Rebellions
The Rise of the Empress Dowager Cixi
The Nian Rebellion (1851–68)
The Panthay Rebellion (1855–73)
The Donggan Rebellion (1862–73)
The Muslim Rebellion in Xinjiang (1862–78)
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
10 The Self-Strengthening Movement and Central Government Reforms
Military Reform: Xiang and Huai Armies, Beiyang and Nanyang Navies
Financial Reform: The Imperial Maritime Customs Service
Foreign Policy Reform: The Zongli Yamen
Educational Reform: China’s First Embassy and Western Learning
Governmental Restoration: Confucian Rectification
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
11 Attacks on Chinese Sovereignty
The Burlingame Mission and the Alcock Convention
The Tianjin Massacre (1870) and the Margary Affair (1875)
Japan and Taiwan (1871–74)
Russia and Xinjiang (1871–81)
France and Vietnam (1883–85)
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
12 The First Sino-Japanese War
The Korean Crisis
The Hostilities
The Settlement
The Triple Intervention
The Scramble for Concessions
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
13 The Attempt to Expel the Foreigners: The Boxer Uprising
The Hundred Days’ Reform
The Origins of the Boxer Movement
The Boxer Uprising
The Boxer Protocol and the Economic Impact of the Indemnities
The Aftermath: The Russo-Japanese War (1904–5)
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
14 The 1911 Revolution
The Reform Program of the Empress Dowager Cixi
Han Revolutionaries: Sun Yat-sen’s Anti-Manchu Movement
The Rights Recovery Movement
The New Army and the Wuchang Rebellion
The Collapse of the Qing Dynasty
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
PART III: THE REPUBLICAN PERIOD, 1912–49
15 The Founding of the Republic of China
The Republic under Yuan Shikai
Relations with Russia, Japan, and Britain
The Founding of the Nationalist Party
North China Warlord Intrigues
The Republic of China Enters the First World War
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
16 Versailles and Its Aftermath
Political Ferment and New Ideas
The Paris Peace Conference Examines the Shandong Question
The Shandong Controversy
The Beijing Government’s Reaction to the Compromise
The Long-Term Impact of the Treaty of Versailles
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
17 New Intellectual Currents
The New Culture Movement
The May Fourth Movement
The Karakhan Manifesto and the Comintern
The Founding of the Chinese Communist Party
The Civil Wars in North China
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
18 The Nationalist-Communist United Front
South China Diplomacy: The Origins of the First United Front
The Reorganization of the Nationalist Party
North China Diplomacy: Beijing and Manchurian Warlords
The Rise of Chiang Kai-shek and the Northern Expedition
The Beginning of the Nationalist-Communist Civil War
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
19 The Nanjing Decade
Elimination of the Unequal Treaties with the Western Powers
The Russo-Japanese Rivalry over Manchuria
The Military Side of Nation Building: Uprisings and Encirclement Campaigns
The Civil Side of Nation Building: Nationalist and Communist Ideology
The Xi’an Incident and the Second United Front
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
20 The Second Sino-Japanese War
Great Power Rivalries over China
The Regional War and the Civil War
The Global War
Soviet Efforts to Expand Their Sphere of Influence
Impact on the Chinese Population
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
21 The Civil War: Nationalists versus Communists
Renewal of the Civil War
U.S. Diplomatic Intervention
Soviet Intervention
The Nationalist Economic Implosion
The Communist Victory
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
PART IV: CHINA AND TAIWAN IN THE POSTWAR ERA
22 The Communist Victory
The Formation of the People’s Republic of China
Land Reform and Agrarian Policies
The Nationalization of Industry and Commerce
Diplomatic Isolation and the Sino-Soviet Alliance
Land Reform on Taiwan
Conclusions
Note
Bibliography
23 The Korean War
The Outbreak of the Korean War
The Chinese Decision to Intervene
The Soviet War Protraction Strategy
War Termination
The Domestic Consequences of the War
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
24 Mao’s Quest for World Leadership
The Hundred Flowers Campaign
The Great Leap Forward
The Great Famine (1958–62)
The Sino-Soviet Split
The Sino-Indian War of 1962
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
25 The Cultural Revolution
Mao’s Weakened Position
The Phases of the Cultural Revolution
The PLA and the Restoration of Order
The 1969 Sino-Soviet Border Conflict
Sino-American Rapprochement
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
26 The Deng Xiaoping Restoration
The Impending Succession, the Fall of Lin Biao, and the Death of Mao
The Rise to Power of Deng Xiaoping
The Taiwanese Economic Miracle
Deng Xiaoping’s Agricultural Reforms
Deng Xiaoping’s Industrial Reforms
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
27 From Tiananmen to Xi Jinping
The Dissolution of the Soviet Union
Tiananmen Demonstrations and Massacre
Governance without a Preeminent Leader
Rising Nationalism
Xi Jinping Leader for Life
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
28 The Mandate of Heaven
Population and Prosperity
Environmental Challenges
Energy and Industrial Growth
Democracy in Taiwan
The Two-China Problem
Conclusions
Notes
Bibliography
Conclusion: China in Transition
Top-Down Characteristics: Civil-Military-Ideological Underpinnings of Power
Radial Characteristics: Relations with the Outside
Bottom-Up Characteristics: Education, Globalization, and Han Nationalism
Cyclical Elements: The End of the Dynastic Cycle?
Retrospective Elements: Fatalism or Choice?
Final Words
Notes
Bibliography
Appendix A: Geographical Names by Transliteration System
Appendix B: Pinyin–Wade-Giles Conversion Table
Teaching References
General
Historical Dictionaries and Encyclopedias
Biographical Information
Supplemental Readings
Movies
Websites
Photo Credits
Name Index
Subject Index About the Authors
This textbook, by two outstanding scholars of China, presents an authoritative overview of Chinese history from 1644, the beginning of China's last dynasty, until the present day. The authors' knowledge of China's neighboring countries enables them to provide a sensitive introduction to the region’s culture. They combine a broad survey with a careful examination of important primary sources. The authors are known not only for their general historical sweep but also for their special knowledge as careful military historians.
— Ezra F. Vogel, Harvard University
This book is an excellent introduction to China’s modern history, from the beginning of the Qing dynasty in 1644 through today. Well written and admirably paced, it provides perspectives absent from other Chinese history textbooks as the authors focus on the centrality of warfare to China’s history, a topic not often treated with the attention it deserves. With a global perspective, it places the recent past and the twentieth century in a deeper context of dynastic power and imperial expansion.
— Tonio Andrade, Emory University
No other textbook synthesizes Western perspectives of Chinese political and comparative history as skillfully and as simply as Elleman and Paine have done. Highly readable and engaging, their narrative is filled with a veritable wealth of maps, timelines, photographs, and cultural highlights that add immense interest and clarity to complex subjects. Modern China is above all a student-friendly guide to understanding China’s position in the global arena today in light of its long and eventful history.
— Carol H. Shiue, University of Colorado Boulder
Modern China is a feat and a treat: it is a feat of decades of careful thinking and intense scholarship about the course of Chinese history, and it is a treat because of its clarity of presentation. This survey, meant for students with no prior knowledge of Chinese history, is unapologetically but sensibly comparative. Unlike most other surveys, it does not fall to the temptation to shirk detail; events are carefully contextualized, thus making it a valuable reference work for students and even specialists who need a refresher. It is unique in paying due regard to the Russian dimension. At a time when the need to know China's historical trajectory has never been greater, this is the perfect introduction.
— Hans van de Ven, University of Cambridge
In this updated edition of Modern China, Bruce Elleman and S. C. M. Paine have produced a serious book written in a breezy, almost conversational style. Focusing on the concept of ‘culture,’ aimed toward a general audience, and informed by an attunement to the historical importance of military affairs, this book will serve as a valuable reference for anyone interested in the broad patterns of modern Chinese history as well as many of its particulars.
— Richard J. Smith, Rice University
View a sample chapter HERE.
- Thematic chronologies open each part and event chronologies end each chapter
- Boxes in each chapter highlight social and economic topics
- Dozens of maps and photos illustrate key events and individuals
- Extensive tables present easily referenced factual information
- Appendixes provide geographical names by transliteration system and a pinyin–Wade-Giles conversion table
- Annotated teaching references include general works, encyclopedias, document collections, films, and literature
View a sample chapter HERE.
- Thematic chronologies open each part and event chronologies end each chapter
- Boxes in each chapter highlight social and economic topics
- Dozens of maps and photos illustrate key events and individuals
- Extensive tables present easily referenced factual information
- Appendixes provide geographical names by transliteration system and a pinyin–Wade-Giles conversion table
- Annotated teaching references include general works, encyclopedias, document collections, films, and literature