The Habits of Racism

A Phenomenology of Racism and Racialized Embodiment

Helen Ngo

The Habits of Racism examines some of the complex questions raised by the phenomenon and experience of racism. Helen Ngo draws on the resources of Merleau-Ponty to show how the conceptual reworking of habit as bodily orientation helps to identify the subtle but more fundamental workings of racism--to catch its insidious, gestural expressions, as well as its habitual modes of racialized perception. Racism, as Ngo argues, is equally expressed through bodily habits, which, once reformulated, raises important ethical questions regarding the responsibility for one’s racist habits.

Ngo also considers what the lived experience of racism and racialization teaches us about the nature of embodied and socially-situated being, arguing that racialized embodiment problematizes and extends existing accounts of embodied experience, and calls into question dominant philosophical paradigms of the “self” as coherent, fluid, and synchronous. Drawing on thinkers such as Fanon, she argues that the racialized body is “in front of itself” and “uncanny” (in the Heideggerian senses of “strange” and “not-at-home”), while exploring the phenomenological and existential implications of this disorientation and displacement. Finally, she returns to the visual register to take up the question of objectification in the racist gaze, critically examining the subject-object ontology presupposed by Sartre’s account of “the gaze” (le regard). Recalling that all embodied being is always already relational and co-constituting, Ngo draws on Merleau-Ponty’s concept of the intertwining to argue that a phenomenology of racialized embodiment reveals to us the ontological violence of racism—not a merely violation of one’s subjectivity as commonly claimed, but also a violation of one’s intersubjectivity.

The original arguments in The Habits of Racism will be of particular value to students and scholars interested in critical philosophy of race, phenomenology, and social and political philosophy, and may also be of interest to those working in feminist philosophy, queer studies, and disability studies.

Lexington Books

Pages: 208 • Trim: 6 x 8¾

978-1-4985-3464-2 • Hardback • August 2017 • $95.00 • (£73.00)

978-1-4985-3466-6 • Paperback • September 2019 • $41.99 • (£32.00)

978-1-4985-3465-9 • eBook • August 2017 • $39.50 • (£30.00)

Series: Philosophy of Race

Subjects: Philosophy / Political, Philosophy / Movements / Phenomenology

The Habits of Racism

A Phenomenology of Racism and Racialized Embodiment

Hardback

Paperback

eBook

Summary

The Habits of Racism examines some of the complex questions raised by the phenomenon and experience of racism. Helen Ngo draws on the resources of Merleau-Ponty to show how the conceptual reworking of habit as bodily orientation helps to identify the subtle but more fundamental workings of racism--to catch its insidious, gestural expressions, as well as its habitual modes of racialized perception. Racism, as Ngo argues, is equally expressed through bodily habits, which, once reformulated, raises important ethical questions regarding the responsibility for one’s racist habits.

Ngo also considers what the lived experience of racism and racialization teaches us about the nature of embodied and socially-situated being, arguing that racialized embodiment problematizes and extends existing accounts of embodied experience, and calls into question dominant philosophical paradigms of the “self” as coherent, fluid, and synchronous. Drawing on thinkers such as Fanon, she argues that the racialized body is “in front of itself” and “uncanny” (in the Heideggerian senses of “strange” and “not-at-home”), while exploring the phenomenological and existential implications of this disorientation and displacement. Finally, she returns to the visual register to take up the question of objectification in the racist gaze, critically examining the subject-object ontology presupposed by Sartre’s account of “the gaze” (le regard). Recalling that all embodied being is always already relational and co-constituting, Ngo draws on Merleau-Ponty’s concept of the intertwining to argue that a phenomenology of racialized embodiment reveals to us the ontological violence of racism—not a merely violation of one’s subjectivity as commonly claimed, but also a violation of one’s intersubjectivity.

The original arguments in The Habits of Racism will be of particular value to students and scholars interested in critical philosophy of race, phenomenology, and social and political philosophy, and may also be of interest to those working in feminist philosophy, queer studies, and disability studies.

Details

Lexington Books

Pages: 208 • Trim: 6 x 8¾

978-1-4985-3464-2 • Hardback • August 2017 • $95.00 • (£73.00)

978-1-4985-3466-6 • Paperback • September 2019 • $41.99 • (£32.00)

978-1-4985-3465-9 • eBook • August 2017 • $39.50 • (£30.00)

Series: Philosophy of Race

Subjects: Philosophy / Political, Philosophy / Movements / Phenomenology

Author

Helen Ngo is lecturer in philosophy at Deakin University.

Table of Contents

Introduction
Chapter One: Racist Habits: Bodily Gesture, Perception, and Orientation
Chapter Two: The Lived Experience of Racism and Racialized Embodiment
Chapter Three: Die Unheimlichkeit: The Racialized Body not-at-Home
Chapter Four: Racism's Gaze: Between Sartre's Being-Object and Merleau-Ponty's Intertwining
Conclusion

Reviews

Helen Ngo has written a thought-provoking and highly engaging book. She weaves together, in careful and astute readings, the philosophies of Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Martin Heidegger with recent phenomenologically-oriented work in philosophy of race, in particular Linda Martín Alcoff's, George Yancy's, and my own work. Her account of habit as holding and held, her critical reformulation of 'sedimentation' as active receptivity, and her theorization of the bodily work, stress and affectivity of managing and anticipating racialization are keen analyses that take phenomenology of race—and phenomenology more generally—further and open up new and exciting spaces for thinking.
— Alia Al-Saji, McGill University

Helen Ngo has written a thought-provoking and highly engaging book. She weaves together, in careful and astute readings, the philosophies of Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Martin Heidegger with recent phenomenologically-oriented work in philosophy of race, in particular Linda Martín Alcoff's, George Yancy's, and my own work. Her account of habit as holding and held, her critical reformulation of 'sedimentation' as active receptivity, and her theorization of the bodily work, stress and affectivity of managing and anticipating racialization are keen analyses that take phenomenology of race—and phenomenology more generally—further and open up new and exciting spaces for thinking.
— Alia Al-Saji, McGill University

Published in 2017, The Habits of Racism: A Phenomenology of Racism and Racialized Embodiment is timely and highly relevant amid our present socio-cultural-political crisis that has thrown into relief the ongoing legacy of racism in the United States.... Given the rise of violence against black bodies as well as the mainstreaming of white supremacist views and actions, Helen Ngo’s work is particularly urgent. Ngo constructs a framework to explore the fundamental individual and social systems of racism to expose the hidden and subtle gestural expressions and habitual modes of racialized perception.... The Habits of Racism is an essential read for students and scholars interested in phenomenology, critical philosophy of race, educational philosophy and may also be of particular interest to those studying feminist philosophy and queer studies.

— Journal of Phenomenological Psychology

The Habits of Racism

A Phenomenology of Racism and Racialized Embodiment

Helen Ngo

The Habits of Racism

A Phenomenology of Racism and Racialized Embodiment

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