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William Blake's Religious Vision

There's a Methodism in His Madness

Jennifer Jesse

In this innovative study, Jesse challenges the prevailing view of Blake as an antinomian and describes him as a theological moderate who defended an evangelical faith akin to the Methodism of John Wesley. She arrives at this conclusion by contextualizing Blake’s works not only within Methodism, but in relation to other religious groups he addressed in his art, including the Established Church, deism, and radical religions. Further, she analyzes his works by sorting out the theological “road signs” he directed to each audience. This approach reveals Blake engaging each faction through its most prized beliefs, manipulating its own doctrines through visual and verbal guide-posts designed to communicate specifically with that group. She argues that, once we collate Blake’s messages to his intended audiences—sounding radical to the conservatives and conservative to the radicals—we find him advocating a system that would have been recognized by his contemporaries as Wesleyan in orientation. This thesis also relies on an accurate understanding of eighteenth-century Methodism: Jesse underscores the empirical rationalism pervading Wesley’s theology, highlighting differences between Methodism as practiced and as publicly caricatured.

Undergirding this project is Jesse’s call for more rigorous attention to the dramatic character of Blake’s works. She notes that scholars still typically use phrases like “Blake says” or “Blake believes,” followed by some claim made by a Blakean character, without negotiating the complex narrative dynamics that might enable us to understand the rhetorical purposes of that statement, as heard by Blake’s respective audiences. Jesse maintains we must expect to find reflections in Blake’s works of all the theologies he engaged. The question is: what was he doing with them, and why? In order to divine what Blake meant to communicate, we must explore how those he targeted would have perceived his arguments.

Jesse concludes that by analyzing the dramatic character of Blake’s works theologically through this wide-angled, audience-oriented approach, we see him orchestrating a grand rapprochement of the extreme theologies of his day into a unified vision that integrates faith and reason.

Lexington Books

Pages: 312 • Trim: 6 x 9

978-0-7391-7790-7 • Hardback • February 2013 • $114.00 • (£88.00)

978-1-4985-1178-0 • Paperback • February 2015 • $59.99 • (£46.00)

978-0-7391-7791-4 • eBook • February 2013 • $56.50 • (£43.00)

Subjects: Literary Criticism / European / English, Irish, Scottish, Welsh, Literary Criticism / Poetry

William Blake's Religious Vision

There's a Methodism in His Madness

Hardback

Paperback

eBook

Summary

In this innovative study, Jesse challenges the prevailing view of Blake as an antinomian and describes him as a theological moderate who defended an evangelical faith akin to the Methodism of John Wesley. She arrives at this conclusion by contextualizing Blake’s works not only within Methodism, but in relation to other religious groups he addressed in his art, including the Established Church, deism, and radical religions. Further, she analyzes his works by sorting out the theological “road signs” he directed to each audience. This approach reveals Blake engaging each faction through its most prized beliefs, manipulating its own doctrines through visual and verbal guide-posts designed to communicate specifically with that group. She argues that, once we collate Blake’s messages to his intended audiences—sounding radical to the conservatives and conservative to the radicals—we find him advocating a system that would have been recognized by his contemporaries as Wesleyan in orientation. This thesis also relies on an accurate understanding of eighteenth-century Methodism: Jesse underscores the empirical rationalism pervading Wesley’s theology, highlighting differences between Methodism as practiced and as publicly caricatured.

Undergirding this project is Jesse’s call for more rigorous attention to the dramatic character of Blake’s works. She notes that scholars still typically use phrases like “Blake says” or “Blake believes,” followed by some claim made by a Blakean character, without negotiating the complex narrative dynamics that might enable us to understand the rhetorical purposes of that statement, as heard by Blake’s respective audiences. Jesse maintains we must expect to find reflections in Blake’s works of all the theologies he engaged. The question is: what was he doing with them, and why? In order to divine what Blake meant to communicate, we must explore how those he targeted would have perceived his arguments.

Jesse concludes that by analyzing the dramatic character of Blake’s works theologically through this wide-angled, audience-oriented approach, we see him orchestrating a grand rapprochement of the extreme theologies of his day into a unified vision that integrates faith and reason.

Details

Lexington Books

Pages: 312 • Trim: 6 x 9

978-0-7391-7790-7 • Hardback • February 2013 • $114.00 • (£88.00)

978-1-4985-1178-0 • Paperback • February 2015 • $59.99 • (£46.00)

978-0-7391-7791-4 • eBook • February 2013 • $56.50 • (£43.00)

Subjects: Literary Criticism / European / English, Irish, Scottish, Welsh, Literary Criticism / Poetry

Author

Jennifer G. Jesse is professor of philosophy and religion at Truman State University. Her specialties include faith and reason in Christian thought, Blake studies, religion and literature, religion and science, interdisciplinary theory, and liberal religious thought in America. She has published numerous articles and essays in these areas. She holds a doctorate in religion and literature from the University of Chicago Divinity School, and is past editor of the American Journal of Theology and Philosophy.

Table of Contents

Part One: Introduction
1. The Problem of Blake’s Religion
2. The “rough basement”: Foundational Issues
3. Urizen and Los: Diagnostic Tropes for Theological Therapy
Part Two: Reason as Definitive of Religion
4. Blake and Natural Religion
5. Rationalist Road Signs: The Bible and Creation
6. Blake and the Established Church
7. Anglican Road Signs: Christology and Atonement
Part Three: Reason as Destructive of Religion
8. Blake and the Religious Radicals
9. Radical Road Signs: Sin and the Last Judgment
Part Four: Reason as Redemptive of Religion
10. Blake and the Religious Moderates
11. Methodist Road Signs: Justification and Sanctification
Part Five: Reading Blake Theologically
12. All Religions Are One
13. Whose Madness?

Reviews

[T]his is an interesting and provocative book…. Jesse has opened up important and unexpected areas of inquiry that are likely to yield a greater understanding of Blake’s polyphonic work in a heterogeneous religious milieu.
— Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly

Jennifer Jesse has written an accessible introduction to William Blake. It encompasses an admirable assembly of critical learning and acumen, assessing the achievement of several generations of Blake scholars. The book will be a reference point for all those seeking a profound consideration of issues related to Blake’s work and its contexts.
— Robert W. Rix, assistant professor, Department of Culture and Global Studies, University of Aalborg

William Blake's Religious Vision

There's a Methodism in His Madness

Jennifer Jesse

William Blake's Religious Vision

There's a Methodism in His Madness

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