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The United States and Venezuela during the First World War

Cordial Relations of Suspicious Cooperation

H. Micheal Tarver

This book details the diplomatic relations between the United States and Venezuela during a pivotal time in world history. Through the utilization of archival materials and newspaper accounts, the author highlights the words of the major participants to demonstrate how the two nations worked together – sometimes hand-in-hand, sometimes face-to-face – to prevent the European War from spreading to the Western Hemisphere. Despite several efforts to develop hemispheric unity during the War, Venezuelan leaders perceived the policy of neutrality to be in the best interest of the country's national sovereignty. This book explores the personalities of the chief executives and selected diplomats to illustrate how both personnel and personalities molded their nation’s foreign relations. In the end, while perceived as two very different individuals who pursued different paths during the global conflict, the leadership styles of President Woodrow Wilson and General Juan Vicente Gómez were more alike than they realized. The overall cordial relations between the two nations during the period under review helped establish the foundation for the petroleum bonanza that United States companies would enjoy in the following years.

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Lexington Books
Pages: 270 • Trim: 6½ x 9
978-1-4985-1109-4 • Hardback • August 2021 • $117.00 • (£90.00)
978-1-4985-1110-0 • eBook • August 2021 • $45.00 • (£35.00)
Subjects: History / Latin America / South America, History / Military / World War I, History / United States / 20th Century, Political Science / World / Caribbean & Latin American

H. Micheal Tarver is professor of history at Arkansas Tech University.

Preface

Introduction

Map

Chapter 1: Setting the Stage

Chapter 2: Before the Global Conflict

Chapter 3: The Great War Begins

Chapter 4: Wartime Relations

Chapter 5: Conclusion

Bibliography

About the Author

This book addresses an important but little-explored aspect of Latin America’s response to the Great War. It features an engaging narrative based on an extensive bibliography gathered from the national archives of both the United States and Venezuela and a large selection of secondary sources. One of the very few books to appear on this topic since Percy Alvin Martin’s Latin America and the War published in 1921, it will be an appropriate and rewarding assignment in undergraduate and graduate courses dealing with diplomacy, Latin America in general, and World War I.


— Jane Rausch, University of Massachusetts


Tarver's work delves into the key issue, little explored until now, of the process of transformation of the ties between Venezuela and the United States during the First World War—a fundamental juncture at the dawn of the twentieth century. This global conflict provoked transcendent changes in the political, economic, and diplomatic developments of the hemisphere, creating new relationships that the author presents in great detail. This work focuses on the positions, decisions, and agenda of Juan Vicente Gómez and Woodrow Wilson, two dissimilar personalities that led them to have policies with periods of both confluence and disagreement, but where the defense of national sovereignty and the maintenance of the European conflagration far from the American continent prevailed. Tarver’s research is based on a rigorous and meticulous use of historical and historiographic discourse and treatment of the various key sources. This work will be a significant contribution to the study of the relations between these two nations.


— Francisco Soto Oráa, Universidad de Los Andes


Students of Venezuelan–US relations will welcome this fresh analysis of the countries’ diplomatic relations during the Great War. Abundantly documented, it draws on a wealth of information, much not seen in previous, similar studies. Students of US diplomatic history will find new information on US wartime policy toward both Venezuela and Britain—and Germany as well. The work’s scope is broader than that of others wedded to strict binational analysis of Venezuelan–US relations. Specialists in Venezuelan history will appreciate Tarver’s analysis of that country’s authoritarian president Juan Vicente Gómez, who is revealed here as walking a tightwire of neutrality between Germany—which he admired—and the United States, whose power and influence he respected. Gómez’s skill in not threatening US interests during wartime had the effect of insuring benign relations between his country and the United States in decades following the war.


— James Henderson, Coastal Carolina University


In this thoroughly researched and richly detailed history, Tarver narrates a fascinating slice of Venezuelan history. On one level the book engages important things familiar to Latin American historiography—the influence of the rise of liberalism moving into the twentieth century and subsequent developing relationships with the United States in one of the historical periods characterized by mutual respect more so than before or afterwards. But what really sets this book apart is its engagement with world history on a more thorough level than is typical of the traditional area studies approach in our field. Thus, Tarver’s work is on the cutting edge of the increasing interest shown by Latin American historians in a broader global narrative, which will without doubt exert a powerful influence on world historiography more generally.


— Richard Warner, Wabash College


The United States and Venezuela during the First World War

Cordial Relations of Suspicious Cooperation

Cover Image
Hardback
eBook
Summary
Summary
  • This book details the diplomatic relations between the United States and Venezuela during a pivotal time in world history. Through the utilization of archival materials and newspaper accounts, the author highlights the words of the major participants to demonstrate how the two nations worked together – sometimes hand-in-hand, sometimes face-to-face – to prevent the European War from spreading to the Western Hemisphere. Despite several efforts to develop hemispheric unity during the War, Venezuelan leaders perceived the policy of neutrality to be in the best interest of the country's national sovereignty. This book explores the personalities of the chief executives and selected diplomats to illustrate how both personnel and personalities molded their nation’s foreign relations. In the end, while perceived as two very different individuals who pursued different paths during the global conflict, the leadership styles of President Woodrow Wilson and General Juan Vicente Gómez were more alike than they realized. The overall cordial relations between the two nations during the period under review helped establish the foundation for the petroleum bonanza that United States companies would enjoy in the following years.

Details
Details
  • Lexington Books
    Pages: 270 • Trim: 6½ x 9
    978-1-4985-1109-4 • Hardback • August 2021 • $117.00 • (£90.00)
    978-1-4985-1110-0 • eBook • August 2021 • $45.00 • (£35.00)
    Subjects: History / Latin America / South America, History / Military / World War I, History / United States / 20th Century, Political Science / World / Caribbean & Latin American
Author
Author
  • H. Micheal Tarver is professor of history at Arkansas Tech University.

Table of Contents
Table of Contents
  • Preface

    Introduction

    Map

    Chapter 1: Setting the Stage

    Chapter 2: Before the Global Conflict

    Chapter 3: The Great War Begins

    Chapter 4: Wartime Relations

    Chapter 5: Conclusion

    Bibliography

    About the Author

Reviews
Reviews
  • This book addresses an important but little-explored aspect of Latin America’s response to the Great War. It features an engaging narrative based on an extensive bibliography gathered from the national archives of both the United States and Venezuela and a large selection of secondary sources. One of the very few books to appear on this topic since Percy Alvin Martin’s Latin America and the War published in 1921, it will be an appropriate and rewarding assignment in undergraduate and graduate courses dealing with diplomacy, Latin America in general, and World War I.


    — Jane Rausch, University of Massachusetts


    Tarver's work delves into the key issue, little explored until now, of the process of transformation of the ties between Venezuela and the United States during the First World War—a fundamental juncture at the dawn of the twentieth century. This global conflict provoked transcendent changes in the political, economic, and diplomatic developments of the hemisphere, creating new relationships that the author presents in great detail. This work focuses on the positions, decisions, and agenda of Juan Vicente Gómez and Woodrow Wilson, two dissimilar personalities that led them to have policies with periods of both confluence and disagreement, but where the defense of national sovereignty and the maintenance of the European conflagration far from the American continent prevailed. Tarver’s research is based on a rigorous and meticulous use of historical and historiographic discourse and treatment of the various key sources. This work will be a significant contribution to the study of the relations between these two nations.


    — Francisco Soto Oráa, Universidad de Los Andes


    Students of Venezuelan–US relations will welcome this fresh analysis of the countries’ diplomatic relations during the Great War. Abundantly documented, it draws on a wealth of information, much not seen in previous, similar studies. Students of US diplomatic history will find new information on US wartime policy toward both Venezuela and Britain—and Germany as well. The work’s scope is broader than that of others wedded to strict binational analysis of Venezuelan–US relations. Specialists in Venezuelan history will appreciate Tarver’s analysis of that country’s authoritarian president Juan Vicente Gómez, who is revealed here as walking a tightwire of neutrality between Germany—which he admired—and the United States, whose power and influence he respected. Gómez’s skill in not threatening US interests during wartime had the effect of insuring benign relations between his country and the United States in decades following the war.


    — James Henderson, Coastal Carolina University


    In this thoroughly researched and richly detailed history, Tarver narrates a fascinating slice of Venezuelan history. On one level the book engages important things familiar to Latin American historiography—the influence of the rise of liberalism moving into the twentieth century and subsequent developing relationships with the United States in one of the historical periods characterized by mutual respect more so than before or afterwards. But what really sets this book apart is its engagement with world history on a more thorough level than is typical of the traditional area studies approach in our field. Thus, Tarver’s work is on the cutting edge of the increasing interest shown by Latin American historians in a broader global narrative, which will without doubt exert a powerful influence on world historiography more generally.


    — Richard Warner, Wabash College


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