Muslim Interpreters in Colonial Senegal, 1850–1920

Mediations of Knowledge and Power in the Lower and Middle Senegal River Valley

Tamba M'bayo

This book investigates the lives and careers of Muslim African interpreters employed by the French colonial administration in Saint Louis, Senegal, from the 1850s to the early 1920s. It focuses on the lower and middle Senegal River valley in northern Senegal, where the French concentrated most of their activities in West Africa during the nineteenth century. The Muslim interpreters performed multiple roles as mediators, military and expeditionary guides, emissaries, diplomatic hosts, and treaty negotiators. As cultural and political powerbrokers that straddled the colonial divide, they were indispensable for French officials in their relations with African rulers and the local population. As such, a central concern of this book is the paradoxical and often contradictory roles the interpreters played in mediating between the French and Africans. This book argues that the Muslim interpreters exemplified a paradox: while serving the French administration they pursued their own interests and defended those of their local communities. In doing so, the interpreters strove to maintain some degree of autonomy. Moreover, this book contends that the interpreters occupied a vantage position as mediators to influence the construction of colonial discourse and knowledge, because they channeled the flow of information between the French and the African population. Thus, Muslim interpreters had the capacity to shape power relations between the colonizers and the colonized in Senegal.

Lexington Books

Pages: 234 • Trim: 6¼ x 9⅜

978-1-4985-0998-5 • Hardback • July 2016 • $117.00 • (£90.00)

978-1-4985-1000-4 • Paperback • April 2019 • $47.99 • (£37.00)

978-1-4985-0999-2 • eBook • July 2016 • $45.50 • (£35.00)

Subjects: History / Africa / West, Religion / Islam / History

Muslim Interpreters in Colonial Senegal, 1850–1920

Mediations of Knowledge and Power in the Lower and Middle Senegal River Valley

Hardback

Paperback

eBook

Summary

This book investigates the lives and careers of Muslim African interpreters employed by the French colonial administration in Saint Louis, Senegal, from the 1850s to the early 1920s. It focuses on the lower and middle Senegal River valley in northern Senegal, where the French concentrated most of their activities in West Africa during the nineteenth century. The Muslim interpreters performed multiple roles as mediators, military and expeditionary guides, emissaries, diplomatic hosts, and treaty negotiators. As cultural and political powerbrokers that straddled the colonial divide, they were indispensable for French officials in their relations with African rulers and the local population. As such, a central concern of this book is the paradoxical and often contradictory roles the interpreters played in mediating between the French and Africans. This book argues that the Muslim interpreters exemplified a paradox: while serving the French administration they pursued their own interests and defended those of their local communities. In doing so, the interpreters strove to maintain some degree of autonomy. Moreover, this book contends that the interpreters occupied a vantage position as mediators to influence the construction of colonial discourse and knowledge, because they channeled the flow of information between the French and the African population. Thus, Muslim interpreters had the capacity to shape power relations between the colonizers and the colonized in Senegal.

Details

Lexington Books

Pages: 234 • Trim: 6¼ x 9⅜

978-1-4985-0998-5 • Hardback • July 2016 • $117.00 • (£90.00)

978-1-4985-1000-4 • Paperback • April 2019 • $47.99 • (£37.00)

978-1-4985-0999-2 • eBook • July 2016 • $45.50 • (£35.00)

Subjects: History / Africa / West, Religion / Islam / History

Author

Tamba M’bayo is assistant professor of history at West Virginia University.

Table of Contents

Introduction: Muslim African Interpreters in Colonial Senegal
Chapter 1: Interpreter Family Biographies: Biography as History
Chapter 2: Inconspicuous Interpreters
Chapter 3: The Creation of an Indigenous Interpreter Corps in Saint Louis
Chapter 4: French Expansion, Commerce, and Conquest, 1850s–1880s
Chapter 5: The Mauritanian Challenge: “Pacification” and African Mediators
Conclusion

Reviews

Tambo M’bayo’s study of Muslim interpreters in colonial Senegal is an important contribution to a growing literature on the role African intermediaries played in the elaboration and operation of the colonial state. Of these intermediaries, the most important were the interpreters. M’bayo argues that they were important as cultural brokers, as diplomats and emissaries, as the voice of the regime, and as a source of information to colonial rulers about the peoples being governed.
— Martin Klein, University of Toronto, Emeritus

Muslim Interpreters is a valuable and welcome addition to the literature on African intermediaries under colonial rule. Dr. Mbayo marshals a vast array of archival and oral sources to describe the role of Muslim interpreters as the French moved from their outpost of Saint-Louis to expand their domination along the Senegal River valley and the hinterland of Senegal. Moving beyond the simplistic resistance/collaboration binary the book highlights the role of interpreters not only as go-between between colonizers and colonized but also as producers of knowledge with significant influence in colonial decision making.
— Cheikh Anta Babou, University of Pennsylvania