Rebel Lands of Cuba

The Campesino Struggles of Oriente and Escambray, 1934–1974

Joanna Swanger

The book is a comparative history of twentieth-century Cuban campesinos in two regions in Cuba marked by extreme differences in race, gender, and land tenure: Oriente and Escambray. It explores the ways these differences articulated with state formation from the pre-revolutionary period of 1934-1959 and then 1959-1974 and seeks to explain why campesinos in Escambray, having been active in the insurrection against Batista, later turned to stage a massive counter-revolution against the government headed by Fidel Castro. Although campesinos in both regions had been equally ignored by pre-1959 governments for different reasons, they developed two distinct understandings of what the role of the state should be in response to political neglect. Rich archival sources—many of which have not been accessed previously—document the unique shape of land struggles in each region in the 1930s through the 1950s. The author argues that because of the way race and gender and a collectivist land tenure tradition in Oriente mapped nicely onto the goals of the 1959 Revolution, Oriente became a kind of revolutionary showcase. In Escambray, on the other hand, a construct of white masculinity, tied to private property ownership, directly contravened the goals of the Revolution, which fueled the counter-revolution and also led to brutal state repression in the area.

Lexington Books

Pages: 324 • Trim: 6½ x 9¼

978-1-4985-0659-5 • Hardback • May 2015 • $143.00 • (£110.00)

978-1-4985-0660-1 • eBook • May 2015 • $135.50 • (£105.00)

Subjects: History / Americas (North, Central, South, West Indies), History / Caribbean & West Indies / Cuba, History / Modern / 20th Century, History / Revolutionary, Political Science / Country and Regional Studies

Rebel Lands of Cuba

The Campesino Struggles of Oriente and Escambray, 1934–1974

Hardback

eBook

Summary

The book is a comparative history of twentieth-century Cuban campesinos in two regions in Cuba marked by extreme differences in race, gender, and land tenure: Oriente and Escambray. It explores the ways these differences articulated with state formation from the pre-revolutionary period of 1934-1959 and then 1959-1974 and seeks to explain why campesinos in Escambray, having been active in the insurrection against Batista, later turned to stage a massive counter-revolution against the government headed by Fidel Castro. Although campesinos in both regions had been equally ignored by pre-1959 governments for different reasons, they developed two distinct understandings of what the role of the state should be in response to political neglect. Rich archival sources—many of which have not been accessed previously—document the unique shape of land struggles in each region in the 1930s through the 1950s. The author argues that because of the way race and gender and a collectivist land tenure tradition in Oriente mapped nicely onto the goals of the 1959 Revolution, Oriente became a kind of revolutionary showcase. In Escambray, on the other hand, a construct of white masculinity, tied to private property ownership, directly contravened the goals of the Revolution, which fueled the counter-revolution and also led to brutal state repression in the area.

Details

Lexington Books

Pages: 324 • Trim: 6½ x 9¼

978-1-4985-0659-5 • Hardback • May 2015 • $143.00 • (£110.00)

978-1-4985-0660-1 • eBook • May 2015 • $135.50 • (£105.00)

Subjects: History / Americas (North, Central, South, West Indies), History / Caribbean & West Indies / Cuba, History / Modern / 20th Century, History / Revolutionary, Political Science / Country and Regional Studies

Author

Joanna Swanger is associate professor and director of the Peace and Global Studies Program at Earlham College.

Table of Contents

Introduction: Rebel Lands of Cuba: The Campesino Struggles of Oriente and Escambray, 1934-1974
Chapter One: Setting the Scene: Life at the Local Level, 1934-1958
Chapter Two: Guajiro, Redeemer of the Nation: White Masculinity and State Formation, 1934-1952
Chapter Three: Organization and Collective Resistance in Oriente, 1934-1956
Chapter Four: Atomized Land Battles in Escambray, 1934-1952
Chapter Five: The Insurrection
Chapter Six: Oriente: The Revolutionary Showcase
Chapter Seven: Counter-revolution in Escambray: Interregnum and Reconquest
Epilogue: The Grupo Teatro Escambray

Reviews

Rebel Lands of Cuba stands out on a number of levels.... Rebel Lands of Cuba is characterized by clear, accessible, and engaging prose and rests on an impressive amount of research, including Cuban archival records in Havana, Cienfuegos, Trinidad, and Santiago de Cuba.... Swanger makes a convincing case to explain the diverging trajectories of the two rebellious regions after 1959.... [I]t should be required reading for anyone interested not only in Cuban and Caribbean history, but also peasant studies, state formation, and (counter)revolution.
— New West Indian Guide

Swanger’s Rebel Lands of Cuba is a ground-breaking work on the history of the Cuban revolution. It is a truly original analysis grounded in regional archives, and revealing the distinct political economy and social fabric in Oriente and in the Escambray. Swanger's book demonstrates the contingency and competing definitions of 'revolution,' social reform, and counter-revolution. It makes a tremendous contribution to the historiography of the Cuban revolution and regional Cuban history.
— Jana Lipman, Tulane University

Swanger’s brilliantly-researched study documents and contrasts the fascinating “revolutionary” and “counterrevolutionary” stories of rural residents from Cuba’s most important coffee-producing regions—Oriente in the East and Escambray in the West. She builds an extraordinarily convincing case that Oriente’s historical experience positioned collectively-organized peasants well to become a revolutionary showcase after 1959 whereas Escambray peasants’ embrace of traditional race, gender, and class hierarchies embodied in individualistic “guajiro” nationalism worked during and after the 1933 Revolution but proved to be their undoing after 1959.

— Gillian McGillivray, Glendon College, York University

Rebel Lands of Cuba

The Campesino Struggles of Oriente and Escambray, 1934–1974

Joanna Swanger

Rebel Lands of Cuba

The Campesino Struggles of Oriente and Escambray, 1934–1974

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