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Peace Corps and Citizen Diplomacy

Soft Power Strategies in U.S. Foreign Policy

Stephen M. Magu

For over 50 years, more than 225,000 Peace Corps volunteers have been placed in over 140 countries around the world, with the goals of helping the recipient countries need for trained men and women, to promote a better understanding of Americans for the foreign nationals, and to promote a better understanding of other peoples on the part of Americans. The Peace Corps program, proposed during a 2 a.m. campaign stop on October 14, 1960 by America's Camelot, was part idealism, part belief that the United States could help Global South countries becoming independent. At the height of the Cold War, the US and USSR were racing each other to the moon, missiles in Turkey and in Cuba and walls in Berlin consumed the archrivals; sending American graduates to remote villages seemed ill-informed. Kennedy's Kiddie Korps was derided as ineffectual, the volunteers accused of being CIA spies, and often, their work made no sense to locals. The program would fall victim to the vagaries of global geopolitics: in Peru, Yawar Malku (Blood of the Condor), depicting American activities in the country, led to volunteers being bundled out unceremoniously; in Tanzania, they were excluded over Tanzania’s objection to the Vietnam War. Despite these challenges, the Peace Corps program shaped newly independent countries in significant ways: in Ethiopia they constituted half the secondary school teachers in 1961, in Tanzania they helped survey and build roads, in Ghana and Nigeria they were integral in the education systems, alongside other programs. Even in the Philippines, formerly a U.S. colony, Peace Corps volunteers were welcomed. Aside from these outcomes, the program had a foreign policy component, advancing U.S. interests in the recipient countries. Data shows that countries receiving volunteers demonstrated congruence in foreign policy preferences with the U.S., shown by voting behavior at the United Nations, a forum where countries’ actions and preferences and signaling is evident. Volunteer-recipient countries particularly voted with the U.S. on Key Votes. Thus, Peace Corps volunteers who function as citizen diplomats, helped countries shape their foreign policy towards the U.S., demonstrating the viability of soft power in international relations.

Lexington Books

Pages: 222 • Trim: 6⅜ x 9½

978-1-4985-0240-5 • Hardback • March 2018 • $117.00 • (£90.00)

978-1-4985-0241-2 • eBook • March 2018 • $111.00 • (£85.00)

Subjects: Political Science / International Relations / General, Political Science / International Relations / Diplomacy

Peace Corps and Citizen Diplomacy

Soft Power Strategies in U.S. Foreign Policy

Hardback

eBook

Summary

For over 50 years, more than 225,000 Peace Corps volunteers have been placed in over 140 countries around the world, with the goals of helping the recipient countries need for trained men and women, to promote a better understanding of Americans for the foreign nationals, and to promote a better understanding of other peoples on the part of Americans. The Peace Corps program, proposed during a 2 a.m. campaign stop on October 14, 1960 by America's Camelot, was part idealism, part belief that the United States could help Global South countries becoming independent. At the height of the Cold War, the US and USSR were racing each other to the moon, missiles in Turkey and in Cuba and walls in Berlin consumed the archrivals; sending American graduates to remote villages seemed ill-informed. Kennedy's Kiddie Korps was derided as ineffectual, the volunteers accused of being CIA spies, and often, their work made no sense to locals. The program would fall victim to the vagaries of global geopolitics: in Peru, Yawar Malku (Blood of the Condor), depicting American activities in the country, led to volunteers being bundled out unceremoniously; in Tanzania, they were excluded over Tanzania’s objection to the Vietnam War. Despite these challenges, the Peace Corps program shaped newly independent countries in significant ways: in Ethiopia they constituted half the secondary school teachers in 1961, in Tanzania they helped survey and build roads, in Ghana and Nigeria they were integral in the education systems, alongside other programs. Even in the Philippines, formerly a U.S. colony, Peace Corps volunteers were welcomed. Aside from these outcomes, the program had a foreign policy component, advancing U.S. interests in the recipient countries. Data shows that countries receiving volunteers demonstrated congruence in foreign policy preferences with the U.S., shown by voting behavior at the United Nations, a forum where countries’ actions and preferences and signaling is evident. Volunteer-recipient countries particularly voted with the U.S. on Key Votes. Thus, Peace Corps volunteers who function as citizen diplomats, helped countries shape their foreign policy towards the U.S., demonstrating the viability of soft power in international relations.

Details

Lexington Books

Pages: 222 • Trim: 6⅜ x 9½

978-1-4985-0240-5 • Hardback • March 2018 • $117.00 • (£90.00)

978-1-4985-0241-2 • eBook • March 2018 • $111.00 • (£85.00)

Subjects: Political Science / International Relations / General, Political Science / International Relations / Diplomacy

Author

Stephen M. Magu is assistant professor of political science at Hampton University.

Table of Contents

Abbreviations
Introduction
Chapter 1: Citizen Diplomacy and Foreign Policy Preferences/Behavior
Chapter 2: Foreign Policy Making Processes: Soft Power’s Niche
Chapter 3: Does Citizen Diplomacy Work? Data and Empirical Evidence
Chapter 4: Citizen Diplomacy, Infrastructure Development, and Policy Formulation
Chapter 5: Revolutionizing Education and Fostering Socio-Economic Development: Ethiopia and the Philippines
Chapter 6: Soft: The Power of Personal, Interpersonal Connections and Experiences
Chapter 7: The Soft Power of Citizen Diplomacy: A Viable Foreign Policy Strategy
Appendix: Models
Bibliography

Reviews

Through his collection of case studies and quantitative analysis, Magu challenges international relations and civil society scholars to go further in understanding the concrete impacts of soft power and the ties between individual citizens and foreign policy behavior. If it is even possible, this book is a step toward untangling the complexities of soft power and further legitimizing soft power’s place in foreign policy.
— Voluntas

Stephen Magu’s Peace Corps and Citizen Diplomacy is a well-timed reminder of what ‘the better angels of our nature’ bring to foreign affairs. Soft power, he shows, can produce tangible results. Since President Kennedy inaugurated the Peace Corps, more than 220,000 volunteers have served in 139 countries. Even today, some 7,000 are at work in 64 countries. Magu deploys rigorous tests and empirical evidence to prove that the program serves both American policy and humanitarian needs. This is a unique and powerful examination of the accomplishments of the Peace Corps, essential to any student of foreign policy or international development.
— Aaron Karp, Old Dominion University

A well-researched and documented conceptualization of citizen diplomacy as a foreign policy strategy, Peace Corps and Citizen Diplomacy: Soft Power Strategies in U.S. Foreign Policy hammers home the dyadic relationships between host countries welcoming citizen diplomats and those countries’ foreign policy behaviors. The book demonstrates well beyond the concept of citizen diplomacy, its outcomes and its achievements while clarifying the understanding of the United States’ greater engagement with the world. It establishes the history of this institution and relates the underlying personal motives that morphed from personal goals to those of foreign policy and international relations. This is an uncontested cornerstone elucidating a missing link of how international players act within the UN, moved by the soft power strategies of US foreign policy. In short, this book is a must read and an innovative exploration of the complex interrelationship between international politics and citizen diplomacy.
— Bill F. Ndi, Tuskegee University

Peace Corps and Citizen Diplomacy

Soft Power Strategies in U.S. Foreign Policy

Stephen M. Magu

Peace Corps and Citizen Diplomacy

Soft Power Strategies in U.S. Foreign Policy

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