Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Pages: 266
•
Trim: 6¼ x 9½
978-1-4422-5860-0 • Hardback • September 2016 • $116.00 • (£89.00)
978-1-4422-5861-7 • eBook • September 2016 • $110.00 • (£85.00)
Catherine Churchman is a lecturer in the Asian Studies Programme in the School of Languages and Cultures at Victoria University, Wellington.
List of Maps and Tables
Acknowledgements
Note on Transcription and Referencing Systems
Table of Chinese Dynasties
Introduction
Chapter One: Digging up Drums
Chapter Two: The Two Rivers and the Lands Between—a Geographical Outline
Chapter Three: Why are the Li and Lao?—The shifting meanings of Ethnonyms
Chapter Four: ‘Masters of their Small Domains’—Local and Imported Traditions of Leadership
Chapter Five: ‘To Overawe the Li and Lao’—Attempts at Military Conquest
Chapter Six: Gold, Silver, Snakes and Slaves: Highland-Lowland Trade Relations
Chapter Seven: ‘Last of the Bronze Drum Chiefs’—The Rise and Fall of the Great Families
Conclusion
Glossary
Bibliography
Churchman provides a careful, compelling, and much-needed account of an oft-neglected region in both Chinese history and recent Vietnamese nationalist history. Churchman criticizes in passing the uneven and negligible treatment of the bronze drum culture in recent Vietnamese historical writing, which undervalues the drum's plain designs for promoting national pride. She mainly challenges the prevailing Sinocentric view in Chinese historiography that the region was politically peripheral and insignificant to the Chinese empires, and that their peoples were uncivilized and nameless ‘southwestern barbarians.’ Instead, Churchman skillfully and justifiably makes the region the center of its own history. Recognizing the difficulty in writing a history for peoples without their own written records, Churchman turns to archaeology and material culture for corroborating evidence, and she detects and exposes political biases and linguistic as well as literary confusions in the Chinese sources. As a result, she convincingly rejects the portrayal of a homogeneous, passive, and eventually Sinicized people subject to the imperial Chinese states and recovers the agency of these bronze drum casting people, who conducted active, strategic, and at times powerful negotiations in their constant political and military dealings with and alongside the Chinese empires in the north.
Summing Up: Essential. All levels/libraries.
— Choice Reviews
[An] extraordinary piece of work. . . . The People Between the Rivers is a recommended read not only for specialists on the history of this particular region, but also for any historian looking for outstanding examples of how to apply a strict methodology to elaborate plausible hypotheses, in contexts where data is scarce. In spite of the inevitable limitations caused by this problem, Churchman is able to, quoting a Vietnamese historian, put ‘'flesh” on the mute archaeological “bones”’ (p. 36), demonstrating along the way that it is possible to say much more about the Li and Lao than what is contained in histories determined by nation-building interests. Her work is bound to become a reference for future studies on the region of the Two Rivers; and hopefully it will also spark similar interest within the present-day nation states whose lands the Li and Lao inhabited more than a thousand years ago.
— New Books Asia
A masterpiece of synthesis and insight that provides a lucid overarching framework for several centuries of regional history as well as nuanced discussions of countless ground-level issues, from problematizing the concepts of ‘Sinicization’ and ‘ethnicity’ to mapping out trade patterns between the Red River Plain and southern China.
— Le Minh Khai's SEAsian History Blog
The People Between the Rivers is a masterful historical account of an important region, its peoples and chieftains, and the various Chinese administrative empires with which they constantly interacted. It provides a focused, interdisciplinary analysis of cultural interactions involving a neglected group of peoples over a large expanse of time. . . . Churchman also brings broad insights and critical approaches from linguistics, archaeology, and anthropology to bear on the study; the result is nothing short of spectacular. This study provides a crucial missing link in the chain of our understanding of premodern China–Southeast Asia relations.
— Asian Perspectives
This is a consummate treatise on the history of the peoples who lived in the region between the Red River and Pearl River during the period from roughly the third through the eighth century. Utilizing materials from a wide variety of disciplines—archaeology, metallurgy, coinage, linguistics, botany, zoology, medicine, and so forth—Catherine Churchman skillfully navigates between the conflicting claims of modern nationalists to show that the indigenes of that time and place viewed themselves as neither Vietnamese nor Chinese. In light of the heavy investment of modern scholarship in projecting contemporary political boundaries and ideologies backward to earlier times, this is a major, salutary achievement.
— Victor H. Mair, University of Pennsylvania
A masterful synthesis of information from multiple disciplines that provides a lucid overarching framework for several centuries of regional history and engages in nuanced discussions of countless ground-level issues, from problematizing the concepts of ‘Sinicization’ and ‘ethnicity’ to mapping out trade patterns between the Red River Plain and southern China. It is indeed an invaluable scholarly contribution.
— Liam Kelley, University of Hawaii
This book admirably collates the existing documentation on and puts in context an obscure period in the history of south China. By setting Chinese records in the background of south-eastern Asian society and the distribution of bronze drums, it successfully argues that from the first century CE to the seventh century CE, chieftainship evolved from overseeing small local communities to exerting control over regional alliances under the recognition of the Chinese imperial government. In so doing, it reasserts the importance of an understanding of indigenous society, not only in China but in all of history.
— David Faure, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Catherine Churchman has given us a marvelous reinterpretation of the bronze drums and their political significance as she shows us the complexities of southern Chinese frontier history during the first millennium CE. Using both original Chinese texts and archaeological sources, her work opens up for us the true nature of the mountain region lying between China and Southeast Asia and of the interactions between indigenous and Han peoples. It is important for understanding this region’s history within a broader context over the past two millennia.
— John K. Whitmore, University of Michigan
A remarkable and path-breaking contribution to both East and Southeast Asian historical studies. Eschewing the restraints of nation-state histories, the author weaves a political and social account of the lands and peoples located between what are today the Red River and Pearl River systems. Employing the bronze drum as a cultural and social marker, Churchman exercises an extensive range of disciplines extending from linguistics to archaeology, and critical textual studies to political history to describe this region over much of the first millennium of the Common Era. Thereby, societies and polities which other traditions and histories depict as peripheries are assigned an unprecedented and illuminating centrality.
— Geoffrey Wade, Australian National University
First detailed study of the subject in any language
Draws on sources in many different languages, including Modern Chinese, Classical Chinese, Vietnamese, French, Japanese, German, and Tai/Dai
Puts the Heger II bronze drum culture in historical perspective, looking at the cultural, political, and environmental conditions that gave rise to it
Offers rare documentation on the early history of Tai-speaking peoples such as the Thai and Lao
Explores the deeper historical roots of upland-lowland economic and political relations in Southeast Asia from the earliest available written evidence
Translates some of the earliest written records of material culture, economic patterns, political structures, and customs later associated with upland Southeast Asia
Fills an important gap in scholarship related to the peoples of southern China by tracing the deeper historical roots of Chinese classifications and views of non-Sinitic people in China’s southern borderlands.
Places the Red River Plain, and early Vietnamese history into the context of the lands to its north and west and how these contributed to autonomous political rule in the region
Provides a recentered narrative concentrating on the methods in which the non-Chinese peoples were able to negotiate with the Chinese empires to their own advantage