Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Pages: 412
•
Trim: 6½ x 9¼
978-1-4422-3090-3 • Hardback • March 2014 • $153.00 • (£119.00)
978-1-4422-3091-0 • eBook • March 2014 • $145.00 • (£112.00)
Alfredo González-Ruibal was formerly Assistant Professor in the Department of Prehistory, Complutense University of Madrid. He is now an archaeologist with the Institute of Heritage Studies (Incipit) of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), which is a group of over fifty people focusing on the study of cultural heritage as a scientific problem. González-Ruibal is the editor of Reclaiming Archaeology: Beyond the Tropes of Modernity (2013), book of essays from a diverse array of archaeologists who have dealt in one way or another with modernity, including scholars from non-Anglophone countries who have approached the issue in original ways during recent years, as well as contributors from other fields who engage in a creative dialogue with archaeology and the work of archaeologists.
Introduction.
Part I. An archaeology of the present
Chapter 1. Archaeological ethnographies
Chapter 2. Archaeologies of resistance
Chapter 3. Time
3.1. Modern temporality for the nonmodern subject
3.2. History and the time of the subaltern
3.3. Rearticulating the archaic
Chapter 4. Materiality
4.1. Ontology
4.2. The unconscious
4.3. The textures of things
Part II. Ecology of a shatter zone
Chapter 5. Landscapes
5.1. The escarpment
5.2. Badlands
5.3. Seasons
Chapter 6. States
6.1. City states
6.2. Complex chiefdoms
6.3. Predatory organizations
6.4. Colonial states
6.5. Totalitarian states
6.6. Multicultural states
Chapter 7. Deep rurals and peasants
7.1. Deep rurals
A deep rural tradition
People of the Lowlands
7.2. Peasants
An African peasant tradition
People of the Highlands
Chapter 8. Bandits, missionaries and travellers
8.1. Bandits and outlaws
8.2. Missionaries and holy men
8.3. Travellers and explorers
Part III. Generations of free people.
Chapter 9. Direct action against the state: the Gumuz
9.1. Resisting the state north of the Blue Nile
Centuries of violence
Feuds and raids
9.2. The enemy’s point of view: origin myths, things and knowledge
9.3. Making a community of equals: technology, consumption, exchange
Making the community
Dealing with others
9.4. Bodies of resistance
Body art
Granaries and anxieties
9.5. A sense of danger.
Immaterial invaders
Polluting agents
Cleansing agents
Material invaders
An architecture of fear
Archaic weapons
Chapter 10. Between domination and resistance: the Bertha
10.1. Memories
Funj memories
Settlement memories
Jallaba memories
10.2. A fractured identity
Mayu: the mixed
Fa-Kunkun: the pure
Fadasi: the in-between
10.3. Double belief: Between paganism and Islam
Neri: from diviner to medicine man
Feki: the magic of writing
Sheki: power and religion
10.4. Double materiality.
Pots
Women’s pots
Men’s pots
Houses
Home of hegemony
A subaltern home
Bodies
The orthodox body
The pagan body
10.5. Double performance
Dancing to resist
Dancing to comply
Chapter 11. Of mimicry and Mao
11.1. The making of a subaltern people.
The Southern Mao
The Northern Mao
11.2. Invisibility, ambiguity and mixture.
Making the Other invisible
The gender of resistance
Making pottery hybrid (and queer)
Camouflage dress
11.3. A moral space.
A space of resistance
House of resistance
From the house to our house
House of resistance, house of the past
The phantasmatic house
11.4. Remembering the forest
Still hunter-gatherers
The hunter’s threat
Chapter 12. Epilogue: becoming citizens.
Conclusions
References
This thick, erudite, and complicated ‘archaeological ethnography’ dealing with time and the significance of contemporary material culture has a simple purpose, which is to demonstrate how minority borderline ethnic groups have resisted incorporation by the state. After an introductory chapter reviewing the ideas of other potential social theorists, González Ruibal achieves his goal with the detailed analysis of three different indigenous groups on an Ethiopian/Sudanese border that has produced neighboring centralized polities that by their nature are predatory. The author's commentary and conclusions about how the Gumuz, Bertha, and Mao peoples manage this outcome in different ways are fascinating and for the most part convincing. As this original text will be of interest to Africanists of various disciplines, it belongs in every serious university library. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and above.
— Choice Reviews
[A] remarkable book that, in keeping with the title, defies and indeed resists easy classification. . . . Materiality is what this book is about, and it serves as the lens through which to achieve a deeper understanding—and not just a thicker description—of the multiplicity and complexity of resistance and state power. . . . [T]his is an outstanding book that not only offers a rich, diachronic account of a region that is not well studied at all, but that most of all makes an original contribution to debates of resistance and state formation; it also vividly underscores the rich potential of archaeological material culture studies.
— Antiquity
An Archaeology of Resistance confronts predominant thought and practice in archaeology. In this contribution to the Archaeology and Society Series, González-Ruibal makes sustained and nuanced arguments about African resistance, time, and materiality. He engages contemporary villagers in the Sudanese-Ethiopian borderland. Egalitarian communities in this region have persisted within and alongside states for millennia. . . .An Archaeology of Resistance is clearly written and well-argued. The volume is provocative. It makes a unique contribution to studies of contemporary archaeology, resistance, and Northeast Africa. . . .This handsome volume will interest archaeologists, anthropologists, political scientists, and those who study material culture.
— Journal Of African Archaeology
[This book] is a very important and topical contribution to anthropological discourse and theory. . . .Gonzalez-Ruibal’s book shares the wealth of and sense for ethnographic detail with 'classical' ethnographies, but can build on a broader basis of existing historical and anthropological research.
— Anthropos
I highly recommend this book as a very interesting and thought-provoking study that provides a novel approach to studies of resistance in borderlands and other contexts. The study contributes rich ethnographic and historical detail for these three groups and is a major contribution to the history of Ethiopia’s borderlands and subaltern people. It will surely be of interest to researchers of materiality, temporalities and the processes of social complexity.
— Azania:Archaeological Research In Africa
The book combines fascinating ethnographic detail with firsthand comparative data of the ethnic groups in present day Beni Šangul-Gumuz. . . . González-Ruibal’s book sheds new light on a forgotten and understudied area. With its insights both into the deep past and the complex cultural present of western Ethiopia, the book is a much needed contribution to the ethnography of this area.
— Aethiopica: International Journal of Ethiopian and Eritrean Studies
In a wholly new way, this book introduces the present-day social world of western Ethiopia and its borders with Sudan. Alfredo González-Ruibal brings an archaeologist’s eye to the region’s mix of linguistic and cultural ‘remnants’ and gives them new life and relevance. He captures the peoples’ own sense of having existed variously alongside, against, and within the Ethiopian state – which in some cases has been for millennia. Through focusing on those styles of material culture and embodied life which go with matters of language, identity, and an effort to maintain equality in human relations, the author shows how this ‘shatterzone’ should be understood as a coherent region with its own deep history.
— Wendy James, University of Oxford
A richly textured and theoretically informed archaeology of the contemporary world…Drawing on detailed ethnographies and histories of three egalitarian societies occupying the borderlands of Western Ethiopia, González-Ruibal refutes the common notion that such societies are incapable of change; instead, he demonstrates that the persistence of ‘traditional’ material forms emerge from deep-rooted resistance to ideologies of the state. His novel insights shed light on what it means to be culturally resilient in an increasingly globalized world.
— Paul Lane, Uppsala University