Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Pages: 190
•
Trim: 6¼ x 9½
978-1-4422-2697-5 • Hardback • October 2014 • $109.00 • (£84.00)
978-1-4422-2698-2 • Paperback • October 2014 • $41.00 • (£32.00)
978-1-4422-2699-9 • eBook • October 2014 • $37.00 • (£28.00)
Charles E. Orser Jr. is research professor of anthropology at Vanderbilt University and Distinguished Professor Emeritus at Illinois State University. His publications include Historical Archaeology, 2e (2004) and The Archaeology of Race and Racialization in Historic America (2007). He is founder and editor of the International Journal of Historical Archaeology.
Preface
1. What’s This All About, Anyway? Thinking in Archaeology
A Question of Belief?
Science versus History
Thinking to Some Purpose
The Process of Clear Thinking
A Brief History of Archaeo-Thinking
Postmodern Thinking
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2. It All Seems So Sciencey: Archaeology, Science, and History
How Do Archaeologists Use Science and History to Think?
SEARCHing
Plausibility
The Exeter Mystery
The Ongoing Tussle between Evidence and Perspective
The Changing Nature of Coarse, Low-Fired Earthenware
3. Those Pesky Facts: Understanding Historical Facts
Can Facts Be Selected?
Is Fact Selection Dishonest?
Glass Beads and Glass Buttons
We Really Do Select Facts?
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4. If p . . . Then What? Archaeological Thinking and Logic
Our Love of Logic
Deducing
Not Deduction, the Other One . . .
I’ve Been Abducted
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5. Is That Chair Really a Chair? Analogy and Archaeological Thinking
Archaeologists and Analogy
The Direct Historical Approach
Ethnographic Analogy
Evaluating Analogy Strength
What Is the Purpose of Analogy in Archaeology?
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6. Source-Thinking: The Relationship between Archaeological and Textual Evidence
What Is History?
Archaeology and History
“Historical” Sources
Reading the Declaration of Independence
The Search for Saint Brendan the Navigator
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7. Artifact-Thinking: Archaeological Thought and Excavated Things
Ceramics as Historical Documents
Ceramics as Commodities
Ceramics as Ideas
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8. Thinking to Some Purpose: Archaeological Research and Critical Thinking
The Danger of Faulty Archaeo-Thinking
Final Thoughts
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Index
About the Author
Anthropologist Orser wrote his book for students and educated readers. He describes how to think about the past like an archaeologist and is eminently successful in that effort. In the first chapter, he discusses critical thinking versus belief, the relation between science and history, and a brief history of archaeological thinking. Following chapters cover such topics as systematic approaches to critical thinking, the nature of facts and their selection, the use of logic both deductive and inductive, the various uses of analogy, the use of sources as evidence, and the use of artifacts as evidence. Throughout, Orser provides helpful examples, mostly drawn from the realm of pseudo history—the Great Pyramid as a power plant, the myth of the Mound Builders, and St. Brendan’s discovery of America, among others. The final chapter discusses the dangers of faulty archaeological thinking through the examples of the racist interpretations placed on the ruins of Great Zimbabwe and the work of Nazi archaeologists supporting Aryans as innately superior. At times, Orser seems to privilege scientific thinking over historical thinking, but overall, this book should be a model for similar titles in other disciplines and of interest to anyone teaching critical thinking. Summing Up: Highly recommended. All public and undergraduate collections.
— Choice Reviews
The methods discussed in the book. . . .in addition to the use of critical thinking and logic, can aid anyone in determining whether a theory/hypothesis is plausible. By discussing these ideas in one source, Orser has provided a valuable resource to anyone who finds themselves questioning. The easy to read format, vivid examples, and humor, make Archaeological Thinking: How to Make Sense of the Past well worth the read.
— Historical Archaeology
Interpretations of the past often function as social charter myths condoning terrible injustices. These are serious matters that should be addressed in a textbook that teaches the methodology of archaeological thinking. Orser’s expositions of logic and its use in archaeology are well done and start the student in this direction.
— Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies
A clearly written and genuinely fun little book that will be required reading in my class on pseudoscience and the past! In a terrific counterpoint to speculative conjectures of pseudo-archaeology, Orser situates archaeology between the sciences and history and carefully explains why the demand for solid evidence makes archaeology a very conservative field when it comes to claims about the past. Rather than debunking specific outrageous claims, he focuses on the critical thinking skills archaeologists use. Readers will learn how to apply those skills, and in turn, to recognize evidentiary gaps and logical flaws of any claim about the past.
— Larry J. Zimmerman, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis
Critical thinking is at the core of archaeology, but it can be quite a task to convey these skills to students. Orser’s Archaeological Thinking covers the basics with well-supported arguments and by using a tone that is perfect for introductory students and lay readers alike.
— Travis W. Stanton, University of California, Riverside
An essential primer for introductory and veteran students alike. In this lucid little book, Orser provides a clear and concise discussion of how archaeologists create knowledge about the human past. He contrasts ‘archaeo-thinking’ with pseudo-archaeology to explore issues of fact selection, logic, analogy, material culture, historical documents, and critical thinking.
— LouAnn Wurst, Michigan Technological University
Archaeological Thinking tackles the often-ignored dimension of how archaeologists know what they know and what it means to think about archaeology and the past. In the midst of popular archaeologies that range from the ridiculous to the dangerous, Orser offers wise counsel on how to think critically, reflectively, and creatively about archaeology, material things, and heritage.
— Paul R. Mullins, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis
Orser’s clear, non-technical prose will engage students and lay readers alike.
Diverse examples are drawn from fringe and professional archaeology and also from well-known historical subjects.
Suggestions to “continue reading” close each chapter, providing a guide for further learning