The Philosophical Roots of Anti-Capitalism

Essays on History, Culture, and Dialectical Thought

David Black

Alfred Sohn-Rethel located the origin of philosophical abstraction in the "false conciousness" brought about by the new money economy of Greek Antiquity. In the Enlightenment the conceptual barrier Kant put between phenomenal reality and the "thing-in-itself" expressed, in Sohn-Rethel’s view, the reified consciousness stemming from commodity-exchange and the division of mental and manual labor. Because Sohn-Rethel saw the entire history of philosophy as branded by a timeless universal logic, he dismissed Hegel’s concept of "totality" as "idealist" and Hegel’s critique of Kantian dualism as irrelevant to Marx’s critique of political economy.

David Black, in the title essay of The Philosophical Roots of Anti-Capitalism, suggests, contra Sohn-Rethel, that Marx’s exposition of the fetishism of commodities is historically-specific to capitalist production, and therefore cannot explain the origins of philosophy, which Black shows to have involved various historical developments in Greek society and culture as well as monetization. Just as Hegel’s critique of Kantian formalism informs Marx’s critique of capital, Hegel’s writings on how the proper organization of labor might abolish the barrier Aristotle put between production and the "Realm of Freedom" prefigure Marx's efforts to formulate of an alternative to capitalism.

Part Two, Critique of the Situationist Dialectic: Art, Class Consciousness and Reification, begins with Surrealism, whose "disappearance" as a revolutionary artistic and social force Guy Debord and the Situationists sought to make up for by superseding the poetry of Art with the poetry of Life. As well highlighting Debord’s achievements in both theory and practice, Black points to his philosophical shortcomings and relates these to Debord’s later "pessimistic" assessment of the possibility of revolutionary class consciousness within globalizing capitalism. The four essays in Part Three cover the Aristotelian anarchism, the ambivalent legacy of Lukács' theory of reification, Raya Dunayevskaya’s Hegelian-Marxist concept of "absolute negativity" as "revolution in permanance", and Gillian Rose’s philosophical challenge to both postmodernism and "traditional" Marxism.

Lexington Books

Pages: 144 • Trim: 6¼ x 9¼

978-0-7391-7395-4 • Hardback • December 2013 • $114.00 • (£88.00)

978-1-4985-4093-3 • Paperback • April 2016 • $51.99 • (£40.00)

978-0-7391-7396-1 • eBook • December 2013 • $49.00 • (£38.00)

Series: Studies in Marxism and Humanism

Subjects: Political Science / History & Theory, Philosophy / Political, Political Science / Essays

The Philosophical Roots of Anti-Capitalism

Essays on History, Culture, and Dialectical Thought

Hardback

Paperback

eBook

Summary

Alfred Sohn-Rethel located the origin of philosophical abstraction in the "false conciousness" brought about by the new money economy of Greek Antiquity. In the Enlightenment the conceptual barrier Kant put between phenomenal reality and the "thing-in-itself" expressed, in Sohn-Rethel’s view, the reified consciousness stemming from commodity-exchange and the division of mental and manual labor. Because Sohn-Rethel saw the entire history of philosophy as branded by a timeless universal logic, he dismissed Hegel’s concept of "totality" as "idealist" and Hegel’s critique of Kantian dualism as irrelevant to Marx’s critique of political economy.

David Black, in the title essay of The Philosophical Roots of Anti-Capitalism, suggests, contra Sohn-Rethel, that Marx’s exposition of the fetishism of commodities is historically-specific to capitalist production, and therefore cannot explain the origins of philosophy, which Black shows to have involved various historical developments in Greek society and culture as well as monetization. Just as Hegel’s critique of Kantian formalism informs Marx’s critique of capital, Hegel’s writings on how the proper organization of labor might abolish the barrier Aristotle put between production and the "Realm of Freedom" prefigure Marx's efforts to formulate of an alternative to capitalism.

Part Two, Critique of the Situationist Dialectic: Art, Class Consciousness and Reification, begins with Surrealism, whose "disappearance" as a revolutionary artistic and social force Guy Debord and the Situationists sought to make up for by superseding the poetry of Art with the poetry of Life. As well highlighting Debord’s achievements in both theory and practice, Black points to his philosophical shortcomings and relates these to Debord’s later "pessimistic" assessment of the possibility of revolutionary class consciousness within globalizing capitalism. The four essays in Part Three cover the Aristotelian anarchism, the ambivalent legacy of Lukács' theory of reification, Raya Dunayevskaya’s Hegelian-Marxist concept of "absolute negativity" as "revolution in permanance", and Gillian Rose’s philosophical challenge to both postmodernism and "traditional" Marxism.

Details

Lexington Books

Pages: 144 • Trim: 6¼ x 9¼

978-0-7391-7395-4 • Hardback • December 2013 • $114.00 • (£88.00)

978-1-4985-4093-3 • Paperback • April 2016 • $51.99 • (£40.00)

978-0-7391-7396-1 • eBook • December 2013 • $49.00 • (£38.00)

Series: Studies in Marxism and Humanism

Subjects: Political Science / History & Theory, Philosophy / Political, Political Science / Essays

Author

David Black is an independent scholar and journalist. His previous books are 1839: The Chartist Insurrection with co-author Chris Ford, Helen Macfarlane: A Feminist, Revolutionary Journalist and Philosopher in Mid-19th Century England, and Acid: A New Secret History of LSD.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Part One
The Philosophical Roots of Anti-Capitalism
1 – The 'Secret Identity' of the Commodity Form
2 – The Capitalism of Philosophy? The Greek Origins of Abstraction
3 – Rethinking the 'Origins of Abstraction'
4 – Comedy and Tragedy
5 – The Poiesis of Orpheus –Fragmentation and Wholeness
6 – Hegel's Minerva
7 – Community and Civil Society
8 – Kant and the 'Autonomous Intellect'
9 – Capitalism: De-Socialized Labor
10 – Absolute Negativity as Anti-Capitalism

Part Two
Critique of the Situationist Dialect: Art, Class-Consciousnesness, and Reification
1 – Art
Surrealism and the Crisis of the Object
In the Beginning was the Letter
Unitary Urbanism, Dérive and Détournement
Asger Jorn, the Artists and the Founding of the Situationist International
2 – Class Consciousness
Socialisme ou Barbarie
The Critique of Everyday Life and the Hegelian Dialectic
3 – Reification
The Theory of the Spectacle-Commodity and the Influence of Georg Lukács
Situationist Council Communism
The Integrated Spectacle and Globalization

Part Three
Essays
Labor and Value: from the Greek Polis to Globalized State-Capitalism
Reification in the 21st Century – Lukács' Dialectic
Ends of History and New Beginnings: Hegel and the 'Dialectics of Philosophy and Organization'
Conclusion – Philosophy and Revolution in the Twenty-First Century

Reviews

Black has . . . outlined a convincing criticism of the dogmatic view that the philosophical logic of Hegel represents the logic of capital. . . .The majority of the book offers important arguments providing reasons for recognising the importance of philosophy for studying the character of contemporary capitalism. Black also relates these themes to the historically important work of Marx, Hegel and Lukács. This book can be recommended in the study of the role of philosophy for promotion of perceptive study of capitalism.
— Marx and Philosophy Review of Books

The well-respected historian of philosophy, David Black, has shown himself to be a consummate philosopher, so much so that he has produced a work that will stand the test of time as a major contribution to the Marxist tradition of philosophical works. His new work is a major achievement, and one that speaks directly to the historical times that we unhappily inhabit. This work is more than a feast for academics, it is necessary fuel for revolution, a revolution that is in the making and that will benefit greatly from this work. Should the coming socialist revolution begin to turn into its opposite, this is the work that we will need to read—again and again—to get back on track.
— Peter McLaren, Honorary Chair Professor and Director of the Center for Critical Studies, Northeast Normal University, China