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Helping Humanity

American Policy and Genocide Rescue

Keith Pomakoy

Helping Humanity: American Policy and Genocide Rescue explores American foreign policy reactions to genocide and state caused humanitarian crises. This book provides an examination of the nature of genocide and America's 19th century philanthropic efforts; it then offers case studies focused on the Cuban Insurrection, the Armenian Genocide, the Terror-Famine, World War II, and the Cambodian Genocide. It also includes a discussion of the difficulties encountered by would-be rescuers in the post-Cold War era. Pomakoy shows that the policies pursued by various presidents reflected a balance of policy considerations. Rarely did imperial or isolationist ambitions dominate American policy completely. Humanitarian concerns played an important, if rarely appreciated, role in foreign policy formulation, and represent a neglected dynamic in American history. Numerous rescue efforts developed as ordinary Americans joined with missionaries and diplomats to raise and distribute humanitarian aid. This peculiar blending of private and public resources grew apace with American wealth and power in the 19th and 20th centuries, and provided succor to those who could be reached. In Armenia this aid saved hundreds of thousands of lives. During World War II a similar campaign saved some of Hitler's victims from death. Sometimes American rescue efforts succeeded only because the use of force removed the underlying causes of the humanitarian crisis, as in Cuba in 1898, where an aid campaign did not succeed until America's military might ended the fighting on the island. Other American presidents ignored, or downplayed, humanitarian crises, especially when the realities of geography and power politics prevented effective rescue.
America has been roundly criticized for the absence of a genocide rescue policy. Helping Humanity revisits this discussion, arguing that American foreign policy reactions to genocide encompassed more activity than is usually recognized. Philanthropy, diplomatic pressure, war, and soft diploma

Lexington Books

Pages: 248 • Trim: 6½ x 9½

978-0-7391-3918-9 • Hardback • March 2011 • $128.00 • (£98.00)

978-0-7391-3919-6 • Paperback • April 2012 • $57.99 • (£45.00)

978-0-7391-6905-6 • eBook • March 2011 • $55.00 • (£42.00)

Subjects: History / Modern / 20th Century, Political Science / International Relations / General, Political Science / Human Rights, Political Science / Genocide & War Crimes, Political Science / American Foreign Policy

Helping Humanity

American Policy and Genocide Rescue

Hardback

Paperback

eBook

Summary

Helping Humanity: American Policy and Genocide Rescue explores American foreign policy reactions to genocide and state caused humanitarian crises. This book provides an examination of the nature of genocide and America's 19th century philanthropic efforts; it then offers case studies focused on the Cuban Insurrection, the Armenian Genocide, the Terror-Famine, World War II, and the Cambodian Genocide. It also includes a discussion of the difficulties encountered by would-be rescuers in the post-Cold War era. Pomakoy shows that the policies pursued by various presidents reflected a balance of policy considerations. Rarely did imperial or isolationist ambitions dominate American policy completely. Humanitarian concerns played an important, if rarely appreciated, role in foreign policy formulation, and represent a neglected dynamic in American history. Numerous rescue efforts developed as ordinary Americans joined with missionaries and diplomats to raise and distribute humanitarian aid. This peculiar blending of private and public resources grew apace with American wealth and power in the 19th and 20th centuries, and provided succor to those who could be reached. In Armenia this aid saved hundreds of thousands of lives. During World War II a similar campaign saved some of Hitler's victims from death. Sometimes American rescue efforts succeeded only because the use of force removed the underlying causes of the humanitarian crisis, as in Cuba in 1898, where an aid campaign did not succeed until America's military might ended the fighting on the island. Other American presidents ignored, or downplayed, humanitarian crises, especially when the realities of geography and power politics prevented effective rescue.
America has been roundly criticized for the absence of a genocide rescue policy. Helping Humanity revisits this discussion, arguing that American foreign policy reactions to genocide encompassed more activity than is usually recognized. Philanthropy, diplomatic pressure, war, and soft diploma

Details

Lexington Books

Pages: 248 • Trim: 6½ x 9½

978-0-7391-3918-9 • Hardback • March 2011 • $128.00 • (£98.00)

978-0-7391-3919-6 • Paperback • April 2012 • $57.99 • (£45.00)

978-0-7391-6905-6 • eBook • March 2011 • $55.00 • (£42.00)

Subjects: History / Modern / 20th Century, Political Science / International Relations / General, Political Science / Human Rights, Political Science / Genocide & War Crimes, Political Science / American Foreign Policy

Author

Keith Pomakoy is assistant professor of history at SUNY Adirondack.

Table of Contents

1 Introduction
2 "Strictly Speaking": What is Genocide?
3 American Philanthropy
4 "The Good Samaritan," America and the War with Spain
5 "They Fear that the Matter will have to Run its Course": America and the Armenian Tragedy
6 "No Cardinals in Russia": America and the Terror Famine
7 "Jews, Zionists and Social Workers": American Rescue Policy in The Caldron of World War II
8 "The United Nations is Silent": Facing Genocide in the Cold War
9 "Novus Ordo Seclorum": An End to Genocide?
10 Conclusion
11 Bibliography
12 About the Author

Reviews

This is an important contribution, offering new insights to the crucial and complicated dilemmas regarding rescue in cases of genocides. Governments' ability to help humanity, even powerful states like the U.S., has its limits. The author rejects the possibility of military intervention and proposes philanthropy as an effective way to save lives.
— Yair Auron, PhD, The Open University of Israel

This is an outstanding work, and will have an effect upon the perceptions by historians and students of American policy.
— William Rubinstein, Aberystwyth University

This is a work that engages a highly important issue in the country's past, current situation, and likely challenges in the future in a manner that is both original and balanced. The reading public as well as the nation's leaders and their advisors will find here helpful insights into a most difficult problem.
— Gerhard L. Weinberg, author of A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II

Using an array of primary sources, Keith Pomakoy presents case studies of American rescue or relief measures in response to genocide. From Spanish anti-insurgency measures in late nineteenth-century Cuba to cases of genocide and ethnic cleansing in the 1990s, the United States has never devised an easy way to halt genocide. Expanding upon Merle Curti’s 1963 American Philanthropy Abroad, Pomakoy shows that private organizations often supplied effective assistance when government could not or would not.

— Journal of American History

Helping Humanity

American Policy and Genocide Rescue

Keith Pomakoy

Helping Humanity

American Policy and Genocide Rescue

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